It can be seen waving outside a home, as a sticker on a car bumper, or as a huge metal structure arching over "Paseo Boricua" in Chicago. It`s the Puerto Rican flag, a symbol used worldwide to announce, "I`m proud to be a Puerto Rican!"
The flag we are familiar with today was first unveiled in 1895, at a meeting of Puerto Rican supporters of the Cuban Revolutionary Party, which advocated independence from Spain. The flag was based on the Cuban flag, with the colors reversed, a white star on a blue background with red stripes, versus Cuba`s red background with blue stripes.
There was a push on the island for recognition of the flag. While the flag was accepted as a symbol of Puerto Rico, it was illegal to fly any flag other than that of the United States on a public building. In 1936 the Puerto Rican flag was hoisted at the San Juan City Hall, and was promptly removed by police and replaced with an American flag. However, the city administrator requested the return of the flag so it could hang in his office, acknowledging the flag`s importance.
Finally, when the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico was established in 1952, the flag was made the official flag of Puerto Rico, to be flown at the same height as the flag of the United States.
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Pueblo:Adjuntas
Adjuntas (ahd-HOON-tahs), is a small mountainside town
in Puerto Rico located central midwest of the island on
the Central Mountain range (La Cordillera Central), north
of Yauco, Guayanilla and Peñuelas; southeast of Utuado;
east of Lares and Yauco; and west of Ponce. Adjuntas is
spread over 16 wards and Adjuntas Pueblo (The downtown
area and the administrative center of the city). Adjuntas
is about two hours by car westward from San Juan.
Adjuntas is nicknamed the Switzerland of Puerto Rico,
because of its relatively chilly weather. Many Puerto
Rican mountain towns have colder weather than the rest
of the island; Adjuntas is no exception: in Adjuntas,
average yearly weather is 72 degrees Fahrenheit. The cool
weather attracts a good number of island tourists during
the summer months. The town has a small hotel named Monte
Rio and a good size parador, or country inn, called Villa
Sotomayor. It also has the honor of being the postal area
with the lowest numerical ZIP Code in the United States
Postal Service (00601).
Adjuntas was founded August 11, 1815, by Diego Maldonado,
gaining administrative independence from Utuado.
After the mid 1800's, Adjuntas welcomed many immigrants
from the Mediterranean islands Corsica and Majorca. Some
of them established coffee plantations. During the last
decades of XIX century, the fine coffee produced in Adjuntas
was exported to Europe, United States and even The Vatican.
It was proclaimed "villa", or a first order municipality,
by the Spanish Government Monarchy in 1894.
Adjuntas was occupied by the United States Army forces
during the Spanish American War of 1898 and was visited
by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906.
The discovery of rich deposits of copper, gold and other
minerals during the 1960's, motivated some local community
and environmental leaders to opposed the minning. By the
1990's they convinced the Puerto Rican Government to take
a stand against the minning industry, on behalf of conservation.
Today, instead of minning, with the leadership of Casa
Pueblo, a community organization, Adjuntas leads the preservation
of natural resources movement in Puerto Rico.
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Pueblo:
Aguada
Aguada (ah-GWAH-dah) is a municipality of Puerto Rico,
located in the Costal Valley of the West region bordering
the Atlantic Ocean, west of Rincón, Aquadilla and Moca;
and north to Anasco. Aguada's population is spread over
17 wards and Aguada Pueblo (The downtown area and the
administrative center of the city).
Aguada is known as "La Villa de Sotomayor" (Sotomayor's
village), Aguada was founded around 1508-1510 by Cristóbal
de Sotomayor.
It is popularly held that Christopher Columbus landed
in Aguada when he discovered Puerto Rico in November 1493.
Aguadilla also makes this claim. While there is no specific
historical proof, it is known that many of the first attempts
to set up a town on the island were in Aguada.
Aguada became a stopover point for ships on their way
to Spain from South America. On 1737, the King of Spain
declared that all mail on route to Venezuela and other
South America countries from Puerto Rico must exit from
Aguada's ports, leading to the area's economic growth.
Aguada is located in the Costal Valley of the West region,
just five minutes from Aguadilla and twenty minutes from
Mayagüez. Bordering the Atlantic Ocean, west of Rincón
west of Aguadilla and Moca; and north to Añasco. The most
important rivers are: Culebrinas, Cañas, Madre Vieja,
Grande, Guayabo, Culebra, and Ingenio.
The Museo de Aguada is located in a former railroad station
building. Visitors can browse through an interesting array
of relics of early Puerto Rico settlers, including some
from the Taíno indian precolonization times. Mon-Fri 8am-noon.
Reservations required.
There are many well-known "aguadeños", among them: Juan
B. Soto and politician Juan B. Arrílloga Roqué.
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Pueblo:
Aguadilla
Aguadilla (ah-gwah-DEE-yah), founded in 1775 by Luis de
Córdova, is a city located in the northwestern tip of
Puerto Rico bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north
and west, north of Aguada, and Moca and west of Isabela.
Aguadilla is spread over 15 wards and Aguadilla Pueblo
(The downtown area and the administrative center of the
city).
Aguadilla was the site of the U.S. military's Ramey Air
Force Base for almost five decades. Though the infrastructure
still exists, it was handed over to the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico in the 1973. The aerial facilities are now
civilian controlled by the Puerto Rico Ports Authority.
The facilities now make up the Rafael Hernandez International
Airport. The barracks now host the Faro Inn Suites. A
79 room hotel. The Officer's Club now hosts the Faro Conference
Center. A 22,000 feet meeting facility. The hospital is
being transformed to become the Courtyard by Marriott
Punta Borinquen Resort & Casino. A 150 room hotel with
a casino and the first Marriott in Puerto Rico out of
the San Juan Metropolitan Area.
Ramey also hosts the Aguadilla campus of the University
of Puerto Rico and the Froebel Bilingual School (K-6).
The High School became a Job Corps Campus and the elementary
school became the Esther Feliciano Mendoza Middle School.
Ramey is also the site of the new Ramey Skating Park and
a new "mariposario". There is still an active part of
the base that hosts the Coast Guard Borinquen Air Station.
There are also other government agencies based at Ramey.
They include the United States Department of Homeland
Security Customs & Border Protection and the Border Patrol
Detention Center, the Fuerzas Unidas de Rápida Acción
(United Forces for Rapid Action) of the Puerto Rico State
Police and a branch of the Puerto Rico Air National Guard.
There is also a post office, the Centro de Servicios al
Conductor (Driver's Services Center), a bakery, and a
Banco Popular de Puerto Rico location.
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Pueblo:
Aguas Buenas
Aguas Buenas is known as "La Ciudad de las Aguas Claras"
(city of clear waters), because of the purity of its fresh
water springs, the name literally translates to "good
waters". The town was founded in May 25, 1838 by Francisco
Salas.
Aguas Buenas territory is moderately mountainous, located
in the Central Mountain Range, north of Cidra and Caguas;
south of Bayamón, Guaynabo and San Juan; east of Comerío;
and west of Caguas. Its highest peaks are La Peña (552
m), Santa Bárbara (510 m), and Chícharo (490 m). Its rivers
are: Cañas, Bairoa, Cagüitas and Bayamón.
There are many well-known "aguasbonenses", among them:
Gustavo Muñiz Díaz, dramatist Luis Rechani Agrait, Rafael
Nicolau, journalist Jacobo Córdova Chirino, and Pio Rechani.
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Pueblo:
Aibonito
Aibonito (ei-bo-NEE-to) is a small mountain town in Puerto
Rico located in the Mountain range of Cayey, north of
Salinas; south of Barranquitas and Comerio; east of Coamo;
and west of Cidra, and Cayey. Aibonito is spread over
8 wards and Aibonito Pueblo (The downtown area and the
administrative center of the city).
Aibonito is located on a relative high elevation (its
main plaza is the highest in the island at 2,401 ft/731
m above sea level), thus cooler year round than many of
island towns.
Aibonito is known as "La Ciudad de las Flores" (city of
the flowers). The town was founded in March 13, 1824 by
Manuel Vélez. Aibonito derives its name from a name given
by the Indians "Jatibonuco" which means "river of the
night" (río de la noche). A legend claims that one day
a Spaniard wake up over the Asomante mountain and overwhelm
by the beauty of the place he exclaim "Ay, que bonito"
(Oh, how beautiful!).
Aibonito is territory is mountainous, located in the Mountain
Range of Cayey, north of Salinas; south of Barranquitas
and Comerio; east of Coamo; and west of Cidra and Cayey.
Aibonito reaches one of the highest elevation point in
the island. Its highest peaks are: Verdún (760 m), Piedra
Degetau (730 m), El Indio (620 m), and Amoldadero (530
m). Its rivers are: Aibonito, La Plata, Usabón, and Cuyón.
The annual precipitation is approximately 90 inches and
the average temperature is 75ºF.
The first Catholic temple in Aibonito was built in 1825.
The building was replaced by the current temple, which
was started in 1887 and completed in 1897. Aibonito was
the first municipality in organizing a flowers festival,
celebrated since 1969. The Festival de las Flores is celebrated
each July. It's considered the most important flower event
on the island, the festivities features: flower shows,
handcrafts displays, food, and music.
Aibonito's main industry is chicken.
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Pueblo:
Añasco
Añasco (ah-NYAHS-ko), named after one of its settlers,
Don Luis de Añasco is a municipality of Puerto Rico located
on the west coast of the island bordering the Mona Passage
to the west, north of Mayagüez, and Las Marias; south
of Rincón, Aguada, and Moca and west of San Sebastián
and Las Marias.
Añasco is known as "La Ciudad Donde los Dioses Mueren"
(the city where the gods die) or "El Pueblo Del Hojaldre".
The town was founded in October 18, 1733 by Luis de Añasco.
The city was named after one of its settlers, Don Luis
de Añasco.
Añasco is located in Costal Valley of the West region,
bordering the Mona Passage to the west, north of Mayagüez
and Las Marías; south of Rincón, Aguada and Moca; and
west of San Sebastián and Las Marías. Añasco highest peaks
are: Canta Gallo (370 m), Gordo (340 m) and Pichón (340
m). Its annual precipitation is 80.4 and its rivers are:
Río Grande de Añasco (originates in Lares), Huamtas, Casey,
La Balase and La Mona. The annual precipitation is approximately
80.4 inches and the average temperature is 75ºF.
There are many well-known "añasqueños", among them: Mariana
Bracetti, poet José de Jesús Domínguez, and poet Víctor
Arrillaga.
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Pueblo:
Arecibo
Arecibo (ah-re-SEE-boh) is a municipality in the northern
midwest coast of Puerto Rico and located by the Atlantic
Ocean, north of Utuado and Ciales; east of Hatillo; and
west of Barceloneta, and Florida. Arecibo is spread over
18 wards and Arecibo Pueblo (The downtown area and the
administrative center of the city). Arecibo is located
on the north coast of the island of Puerto Rico, about
80 kilometres (50 miles) west of San Juan, or approximately
a 1-hour trip by car.
The nearby Arecibo Observatory is known for housing the
world's largest radio telescope.
Arecibo, settled in 1556, was the island's third Spanish
settlement, after Caparra (which later became San Juan),
and San German. It is named after the Taíno Cacique Xamaica
Arasibo, who ruled the Taino yucayeke (town), then named
Abacoa. Arecibo was officially founded as a city by the
Spanish crown May 1, 1616, under the governorship of Captain
Felipe de Beaumont y Navarra, when the King of Spain granted
the land (and the Tainos living there) to Lope Conchillos.
Arecibo is known as El Diamante Del Norte (North's Diamond)
as well as La Ribera del Arecibo (The shore of Arecibo).
Arecibo is also known as La Villa del Capitán Correa (Captian
Correa's Villa) after the Puerto Rican hero Captain Antonio
de los Reyes Correa, who as a member of the Spanish Army
defended Arecibo from a British invasion led by Admiral
Whelstone in August 5, 1702.
Arecibo is the head of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arecibo.
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Pueblo:
Arroyo
Arroyo (ah-RO-yo), is a municipality in the Southern Coastal
Valley of Puerto Rico and bordered by the Caribbean Sea,
east of the municipality of Guayama and northwest of the
municipality of Patillas. Arroyo is spread over 5 wards
and Arroyo Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative
center of the city).
Arroyo, founded in December 25, 1855, derives its name
from the small stream from which weary travelers in the
past stopped for a drink of water and to rest.
Arroyo is known as "Pueblo Ingrato-Pueblo Grato".
Punta Guilarte Beach is considered one of the most beautiful
beaches on the island.
Arroyo is located in the region known as the Southern
Coastal Valley, a very dry region. Bordering the Caribbean
Sea, east of Guayama and northwest of Patillas. Arroyo's
highest peaks are: Yaurel (686 m), Corazón (605 m), and
Ancones (270 m).
Arroyo's Hospital Lafayette is one of the oldest private
hospitals in the southeast of the island.
The surrounding areas produce sugar cane.
There are many well-known "arroyanos", among them: Francisco
J. Amy, writer Juan B. Huyke, Enrique Huyke, José Manautou
Fantauzzi, Galio Ortíz, José Ramón Quiñones, and Marcelina
Cintrón.
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Pueblo:
Barceloneta
Barceloneta is a municipality in Puerto Rico and is located
in the north region, bordering the Atlantic Ocean, north
of Florida, east of Arecibo and west of Manati. Barceloneta
is spread over 3 wards and Barceloneta Pueblo (The downtown
area and the administrative center of the city).
Barceloneta is known as "La Ciudad de las Piñas" (pineapple
city), because of its extensive pineapple plantations,
which covers a large part of this town's land.
The town was founded in July 1st, 1881 by Bonocio Llenza
Feliu. Bonocio named the city Barceloneta because it brought
back loving memories of his hometown Barcelona, back in
Spain.
Barceloneta has the biggest pharmaceutical complex in
the world (14 industries). It is known that these companies
have chosen Barceloneta to establish their facilities
for its underground water reservoirs. The water in Barceloneta
is so pure that it requires very little treatment for
use in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products.
Barceloneta is also famous for its black sand beaches,
due to the high iron content found in the sand.
Barceloneta is located in the north region, bordering
the Atlantic Ocean, north of Florida, east of Arecibo,
and west of Manatí. The Grande de Manatí River is 73 km
(45 mi) in length. The annual precipitation is approximately
53.01 inches, and its average temperature is 77.8°F.
There are many well-known "barcelonetences", among them:
Sixto Escobar, the first Puerto Rican to win a boxing
championship of the National Boxing Association.
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Pueblo:
Barranqita
Barranquitas (bahr-rahn-KEE-tahs) is a small mountain
town located in the central region, north of Aibonito
and Coamo; south of Corozal and Naranjito; east of Orocovis;
and west of Comerio. Barranquitas is spread over 6 wards
and Barranquitas Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative
center of the city).
Barranquitas is about one hour by winding roads from San
Juan, the capital. It is nestled amid hills and mountains,
and nearby, between Barranquitas and Aibonito, is located
the "cañon de San Cristobal" (Canyon of San Cristopher);
one of the deepest canyons in the Indies. For years, the
overlook was tragically used as a municipal garbage; in
the last decade, the refuse was carted out and the site
restored.
Barranquitas is known as "La Cuna de Próceres" (cradle
of great people). The town was founded in 1803 by Antonio
Aponte Ramos.
Luis Muñoz Rivera former home has been converted into
a museum and library. A nearby mausoleum holds the bodies
of Muñoz Rivera and his son Luis Muñoz Marín, the island's
first elected governor.
Barranquitas is located in the central region, north of
Aibonito and Coamo; south of Corozal and Naranjito; east
of Orocovis; and west of Comerío. Its rivers are: Piñonas,
Usabón, Rio Hondo, Barranquitas, La Plata and Grande de
Manatí rivers.
The surrounding areas produce coffee and fruits.
There are many well-known "barranquiteños", among them:
politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, Luis Muñoz Marín, José Colón,
Efrain Colón Torres, José A. Negrón Sanjurjo, Antonio
Aponte Ramos, Naldo de la Loma, and Pedro Pereales
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Pueblo:
Bayamon
Bayamón (bah-yah-MON) is a municipality of Puerto Rico
located on the northern coastal valley, north of Aguas
Buenas and Comerío; south of Toa Baja and Cataño; west
of Guaynabo; and east of Toa Alta and Naranjito. Bayamón
is spread over 11 wards and Bayamón Pueblo (The downtown
area and the administrative center of the city).
Bayamón is sometimes called "El Pueblo del Chicharrón"
(Pork Rind Town). Juan Ramírez de Arrellano established
Bayamón as a town on May 22, 1772. It derives its name
from a local Indian chief Bahamon; others claim that the
name came from the Taíno word Bayamongo, which is the
name of one of the rivers that cross the city.
Bayamón is one of Puerto Rico's largest cities, and is
situated in what is considered to be the island's metropolitan
area. It shares its metropolitan area status with San
Juan, Guaynabo, Cataño, Toa Baja, Carolina and Trujillo
Alto
Bayamón has always been a progressive city. Unlike Ponce,
Aguadilla and Mayagüez, it does not have an airport due
to its proximity to San Juan, the country's capital.
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Pueblo:
Cabo Rojo
Cabo Rojo (KAH-bo, ro-ho) located on the Western Costal
Valley. Bordering the Caribbean Sea; and the Mona Passage,
south of Mayagüez and Hormigueros; and east of Hormigueros,
San Germán and Lajas spread over 18 wards and Cabo Rojo
Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative center
of the city).
It is said that Cabo Rojo obtained its name from the considerable
amount of minerals found in its coasts that made the waters
look reddish. Cabo is the Spanish word for tip and analogous
to the English word Cape in this context. The word rojo,
translates to red. According to legend, the name was given
by Cristopher Colombus himself, although this is highly
unlikely. The first church, founded in 1783, was called
San José. The present-day main catholic church is called
San Miguel Arcángel located in the town's square.
People from Cabo Rojo are known as mata con hacha ("those
who kill with axes") based on an old folk tale about a
fight over the Salinas where those from Cabo Rojo fought
with axes against people from the adjacent town of Lajas.
The latter apparently fought back by throwing stones and
are thus known as tira piedras ("those who throw stones").
Cabo Rojo was founded on December 17, 1771 by Nicolás
Ramírez de Arellano and Miguel de Muesas.
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Pueblo:
Caguas
Caguas (KAH-gwahs) (founded in 1775) is a municipality
of Puerto Rico located in the Central Mountain Range of
Puerto Rico, south of San Juan and Trujillo Alto; west
of Gurabo and San Lorenzo; and east of Aguas Buenas. Caguas
is spread over 12 wards.
Caguas is located fifteen minutes to a half hour by car
from San Juan and one half hour from Ponce.
It is known as El Valle del Turabo (Turabo Valley) or
La Ciudad Criolla (The Creole City) and its name originates
from the Taíno cacique Caguax.
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Pueblo:
Camuy
Camuy (kahm-WEE) is a municipality in Puerto Rico located
on the Valley of Quebradillas, bordering the Atlantic
Ocean, north of Lares; east of Quebradillas; and west
of Hatillo. Camuy is spread over 12 wards and Camuy Pueblo
(The downtown area and the administrative center of the
city).
Camuy founded in 1807 by Petrolina Matos, and formerly
part of Arecibo. Camuy is located in the northwestern
coastal region of Puerto Rico, less than 5 minutes west
of Hatillo on PR 2 and PR 119. The name Camuy is known
to be derived from the Taíno language, although a number
of legends give differing explanations for the origin
of the name. One such legend claims the name comes from
the Taíno word for "sun", another claims derivation from
canuy, Taíno for "beautiful scenery", and still another
states that Camuy was the name of a Taíno chief. The "sun"
legend is reflected in the coat of arms for the municipality.
The population of Camuy was 35,244 at the 2000 census,
and it has land area of 120.24 km². The municipality is
a popular suburb, although it is growing economically
more slowly than neighboring Hatillo.
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Pueblo:
Canovanas
Canóvanas (kah-NO-vah-nahs) is a Municipio in Puerto Rico,
located in the northeastern region, north of Juncos and
Las Piedras; south of Loíza; east of Carolina; and west
of Río Grande. Canóvanas is spread over 7 wards and Canóvanas
Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative center
of the city).
Canóvanas along with San Juan,Bayamón, Carolina, Guaynabo,
Cataño, Toa Baja,Trujillo Alto,Caguas,Toa Alta one of
the cities that comprises the so called Metropolitan Area
of Puerto Rico.
Large numbers of African slaves lived in the Canóvanas
area. Because of this, a considerable large number of
Canóvanas' population is black.
In 1983, an infamous criminal act occurred in Canóvanas
when police tried to intervene in a dispute between a
landowner and a group of homeless people that built their
wooden houses in Villa sin Miedo. The dispute occurred
because of disagreements and breaking of verbal contract
between the parts. During the dispute, one policeman was
shot on his lung and died shortly after, many other officers
and residents were injured in a case that received wide
media attention in Puerto Rico.
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Pueblo:
Carolina
Carolina (kah-ro-LEE-nah) is a city located in the northern
part of Puerto Rico, bordering the Atlantic Ocean; south
of Gurabo and Juncos; east of Trujillo Alto and San Juan;
and west of Canóvanas and Loíza. Carolina is spread over
12 wards and Carolina Pueblo (The downtown area and the
administrative center of the city).
Carolina is a short distance from San Juan. Along with
San Juan, Bayamón, Guaynabo, Cataño, Toa Baja and Trujillo
Alto it is considered to be a part of the island's metropolitan
area.
Don Gaspar Martínez donated the land where the municipality
of Carolina was originally founded. He named the land
"San Fernando de la Carolina" in honor of his daughter,
Carolina. The name has since been shortened to Carolina.
The city is known as "Tierra de Gigantes" (Land of Giants)
not only for well-known Carolina resident Don Felipe Birriel
González (who was 7'11"), but also in honor of other eminent
people from Carolina such as poet Julia de Burgos and
baseball player Roberto Clemente. Carolina was also the
home of Jesús T. Piñero, the first Puerto Rican governor
to be appointed in that position by the United States
government.
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Pueblo:
Catano
Cataño is a municipality (municipio) in northern Puerto
Rico located on northern coast bordering the Atlantic
Ocean and is bordered to the North and West by San Juan;
north of Bayamón and Guaynabo; east of Toa Baja and west
of Guaynabo and is considered to be a part of the so-called
metropolitan area of Puerto Rico, or area metropolitana.
Cataño is spread over 7 wards and Cataño Pueblo (The downtown
area and the administrative center of the city).
Cataño is known mostly for four things: Its industry,
its trash burning facility, its ferry service that connects
old San Juan and its considerable amount of protestant
churches and catholic cathedrals.
Cataño has a considerable number of Christians among its
population, and because of that, a large number of churches
that exist there, attracting worshipers from all over
town and from area metropolitana cities as well.
From 1924-25 the movie "Aloha de los Mares del Sur" was
filmed in Cataño.
In land area it is the smallest municipality in Puerto
Rico. The city was founded in 1927 as "Hato de Palmas
de Cataño", but officially shortened to "Cataño" when
it was established. The city is known as "La Antesala
de la Capital" (the Prelude of the Capital) because of
its location across the bay from the capital of Puerto
Rico, the city of San Juan.
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Pueblo:
Cayey
Cayey (ka-YAI) is a mountain town in central Puerto Rico
located on the Central Mountain range, north of Salinas
and Guayama; south of Cidra and Caguas; east of Aibonito
and Salinas; and west of San Lorenzo Cayey is spread over
21 wards and Cayey Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative
center of the city).
Cayey is notable for its colorful wooden houses and surrounding
mountains. The town grew in the 1990s, evidenced by a
Wal-Mart store, and the building of a new coliseum and
hospital facilities. Coca-Cola and Procter & Gamble have
manufacturing facilities in Cayey. The famous musical
ensemble named "La Tuna de Cayey" was established here
in 1964.
Near Cayey, there is the highest structure of Puerto Rico,
the Pegasus Broadcasting Tower Cayey.
Cayey was founded on August 17, 1773 by Juan Mata Vázquez,
who became its first mayor. It is said that Cayey derives
its name from the Taino Indian word for "a place of waters".
Its original name was "Cayey de Muesas".
During 1880, a fire that later acquired legendary status
happened in Cayey's Mirador Echevarria area. The fire
broke out on the property of a timber company near Charca
Del Pato. Many people and dogs died, and legend has it
that the dogs' barking can still be heard, and sometimes,
at night, the screams of the men who burned to death can
still be heard too.
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Pueblo:Ceiba
Ceiba (sai-EE-bah) is a small town in northeast Puerto
Rico. It is named after the famous Ceiba tree. Ceiba is
located in the east coast of the island, bordering the
Atlantic Ocean, north of Naguabo, south of Fajardo, and
east of Río Grande. Ceiba is spread over 7 wards and Utuado
Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative center
of the city) Driving Time from San Juan: 1 hour.
Ceiba, situated near Fajardo, used to be home of an American military air-base, the Roosevelt Roads Naval Station. Most of the units there were relocated and the base was closed on 2004. Ex-governor Sila María Calderón suggested turning the property into a major international airport, to serve as a relief to Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in San Juan, and to increase the number of international airlines that operate into Puerto Rico.
She
has was met with skepticism about these plans by such
groups as environmentalists, economists and others, and
the situation as far as what will be done with Ceiba's
old air base is still being debated. Locals are commonly
known as "Las Come Sopa" (Soup Eaters), eventhough there
is no official reason on why they were called this a few
stories have been suggested. Among the tales is the belief
that since the town did not have a local meat market people
had to travel long distances in order to buy some meat
and therefore mostly ate soup. Ceiba is also known as
"La Ciudad del Marlin" (the town of the Marlin).
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Pueblo:Ciales
Ciales (see-AH-les) is a municipality of Puerto Rico,
located on the Central Mountain Range, northwest of Orocovis;
south of Florida and Manatí; east of Utuado and Jayuya;
and west of Morovis. Ciales is spread over 8 wards and
Ciales Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative
center of the city).
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Pueblo:
Cidra
Cidra, (SEE-drah) is a municipality of Puerto Rico located
in the central region of the island, north of Cayey; south
of Comerío and Aguas Buenas; east of Aibonito; and west
of Caguas. Cidra is spread over 11 wards and Cidra Pueblo
(The downtown area and the administrative center of the
city). Cidra is known as the El Pueblo de la Eterna Primavera
(City of Eternal Spring). Cidra is the home of "La Paloma
Sabanera" , the only bird in Puerto Rico with blue eyes.
It is a protective specie as it is classified in danger
of extinction.
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Pueblo:Coamo
Coamo is a municipality in Puerto Rico located in the
southern region, north of Santa Isabel; south of Orocovis
and Barranquitas; east of Villalba and Juana Díaz; and
west of Aibonito and Salinas. Coamo is spread over 10
wards and Coamo Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative
center of the city). Coamo is about 30 minutes away by
car from Ponce. Coamo is a small town nestled in a valley
about 10 miles east of Ponce, another city that is considered
the "Perla del Sur" (literally, "pearl of the south"),
along with some others. It was named San Blas Illescas
de Coamo by its first settlers. San Blas was the Catholic
saint who remains the town's patron.
Illescas
is the Spanish town the original founders came from (nowadays
in Toledo province, Castile-La Mancha, Spain). There are
a couple of theories regarding the origin of the word
Coamo. Some think it comes from an indigenous word that
means "valley" but it's also plausible that Coamo derives
its name from Coamex (or Coamey), who was a celebrated
local cacique (or "chieftain" in the Taino language).
Archeological digs near the region have produced some
of the best examples of the island's pre-columbian cultural
artifacts.
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Pueblo:Comerio
Comerío (ko-me-REE-o) is a municipality of Puerto Rico
located in the center-eastern region of island, north
of Aibonito; south of Naranjito and Bayamón; east of Barranquitas;
and west of Cidra and Aguas Buenas. Comerío is spread
over 7 wards and Comerío Pueblo (The downtown area and
the administrative center of the city).
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Pueblo:
Corozal
Corozal (ko-ro-ZAHL) is a municipality (municipio) of
Puerto Rico located in the central-eastern region, north
of Orocovis and Barranquitas; south Vega Alta; southwest
of Toa Alta; east of Morovis and Orocovis; and west of
Naranjito. Corozal is spread over 12 wards and Corozal
Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative center
of the city). The city name is derived from the "palma
de corozo" (grugru palm, Acrocomia media) which abounds
in the central zone of the Island.
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Pueblo:Culebra
Isla Culebra (koo-LAI-brah) (Snake Island) is an island-municipality
of Puerto Rico originally called Isla Pasaje and Isla
de San Idelfonso. It is located approximately seventeen
miles east of the Puerto Rican mainland, twelve miles
west of St. Thomas and nine miles north of Vieques. Culebra
is spread over 5 wards and Culebra (Dewey) Pueblo (The
downtown area and the administrative center of the city).
The island is also known as Isla Chiquita (Little Island)
and Ultima Virgen (Last Virgin). Culebra was first settled
in 1880 by Cayetano Escudero Sanz. Residents of the island
are known as Culebrenses.
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Pueblo:Dorado
Dorado (do-RAH-do) is a small tourist town in the northern
coast of Puerto Rico, 15 miles west of San Juan and is
located in the norther region of the island, bordering
the Atlantic Ocean, north of Toa Alta, east of Vega Alta,
and west of Toa Baja. Dorado is spread over 5 wards and
Dorado Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative
center of the city). Dorado has upscale neighborhoods
and a small town with a Spanish town square (plaza). President
Gerald Ford once stayed in Dorado during his presidency,
for a 1976 meeting with other heads of state from the
Caribbean. Dorado has been voted Puerto Rico's cleanest
town at various times.
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Pueblo:Fajardo
Fajardo (fah-HAHR-do) is a small but popular city in Puerto
Rico located in the east region of the island, bordering
the Atlantic Ocean, north of Ceiba and east of Luquillo.
Fajardo is spread over 7 wards and Fajardo Pueblo (The
downtown area and the administrative center of the city).
Fajardo is the hub of the majority of recreational boating
in Puerto Rico and a popular launching port to Culebra,
Vieques, and the American and British Virgin Islands.
It is also the home to the largest Marina in the Caribbean,
called Puerto del Rey. The town contains various hotels;
the El Conquistador Resort is one of its most famous hotels.
Off shore near Fajardo few islets can be found: Icacos,
Palominos, Palominitos and Diablo, uninhabited coral islands.
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Pueblo:Florida
Florida (flo-REE-dah) is a municipality of Puerto Rico
located north of Utuado and Ciales, south of Barceloneta,
east of Arecibo, and west of Manatí. Florida is spread
over 1 ward and Florida Pueblo (The downtown area and
the administrative center of the city).
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Pueblo:Guanica
Guánica (GWAH-nee-kah) is a municipality in southwestern
Puerto Rico located in southern coast, bordering the Caribbean
Sea, south of Sabana Grande, , east of Lajas, and west
of Yauco. Guánica is spread over 7 wards and Guánica Pueblo
(The downtown area and the administrative center of the
city). Guánica's postal zip code is 00653 and telephone
area codes are 787 and 939. [The urban area of Ensenada
has a separate postal zip code of 00647.] Guánica is also
the name of the principal town of the municipality.
The
town's population in 2000 was 9,247 persons among 3,808
housing units over a land area of 2.49 square miles. The
town is located on a deeply indented harbor of the same
name. The harbor resembles a tropical fjord, narrow and
bordered by rugged hills, it is barely a quarter-mile
wide, but about two miles from mouth to the town. The
town is about 100 miles and over two hours driving distance
from San Juan, the capital city of the island, and about
20 miles west of Ponce, another principal city of the
island commonwealth.
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Pueblo:Guayama
Guayama (gwah-YAH-mah) is a municipality of Puerto Rico
located on the Southern Coastal Valley region, bordering
the Caribbean Sea, south of Cayey; east of Salinas; and
west of Patillas and Arroyo. Guayama is spread over 9 wards
and Guayama Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative
center of the city). This city of 44,301 inhabitants was
founded on January 29, 1736.
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Pueblo:Guayanilla
Guayanilla (gwah-yah-NEE-yah) is a municipality of Puerto
Rico located in southern coast of the island, bordering
the Caribbean Sea, south of Adjuntas, east of Yauco; and
west of Peñuelas and about 20 km (12 mi) west of Ponce.
Guayanilla is spread over 16 wards and Guayanilla Pueblo
(The downtown area and the administrative center of the
city).Guayanilla was founded by Catalans, Corsicans, Venezuelans,
and Puerto Rican criollos.
The
original name was Guadianilla in memory of a river of
the same name in Spain. However, it was changed to Guayanilla
to resemble a native word in the Taíno dialect. The name
Guayanilla is derived from a combination of Guaynia and
Santa Maria de Guadianilla. The first Europeans settled
in this area in 1511. In 1756, Yauco was founded as a
town. Then Guayanilla was a borough of Yauco. Due to the
very fertile lands and access to the local port where
most of the local commerce occurred, Guayanilla became
an important agricultural center, grew quickly, and was
established as a separate municipality on February 27,
1833 by Governor Miguel de la Torre.
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Pueblo:Guaynabo
Guaynabo (gwei-NAH-bo) is a municipality in the northern
part of Puerto Rico located in the northern coast of the
island, north of Aguas Buenas; south of Cataño; east of
Bayamón; and west of San Juan. Guaynabo is spread over
9 wards and Guaynabo Pueblo (The downtown area and the
administrative center of the city).
Guaynabo
is considered, along with neighbors San Juan and the municipalities
of Bayamón, Carolina,Cataño, Toa Alta, Canovanas , Caguas,
Toa Baja and Trujillo Alto to be one of the cities of
the Área Metropolitana (Metropolitan Area) of San Juan
(the largest MSA in Puerto Rico; many Puerto Ricans erroneously
consider it the only metropolitan area in the Commonwealth).
The municipio has a land area of 70.26 km² (27.13 sq mi)
and a population of 100,053 as of the 2000 census.
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Pueblo:Gurabo
Gurabo (goo-RAH-bo) is a municipality (municipio) in eastern
Puerto Rico located in the central eastern region, north
of San Lorenzo; south of Trujillo Alto; east of Caguas;
and west of Carolina and Juncos. Gurabo is spread over
9 wards and Gurabo Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative
center of the city). Gurabo's history dates as far back
as the 1600s, when Gurabo was actually part of Caguas.
Then, the area was known as Burabo. By 1700, transportation,
medical and economic trouble were crippling the population
of the Burabo area; traveling to Caguas' center for business
and medical help was not easy and took hours. This led
to many of Burabos citizens to seek for the area to gain
autonomy.
It
would be long, however, before Gurabo was separated from
Caguas. The separation movement was brought forward by
an 1812 meeting of all 168 family leaders in Gurabo, who
decided to have Luis del Carmen Echevarría lead them in
their quest for autonomic independence, based on the large
number of residents in Burabo. In 1815, Gurabo became
a municipality. In 1822, the first Catholic church in
town was erected. In 1903, the First Baptist Church opened
its doors in Gurabo town. Gurabo is also known as "La
Ciudad de las Escaleras", or "city of the stairs", for
which Gurabo is known today for. Located in the town center,
the stairs are about twenty two floors high, and they
are painted in bright colors. They cross an important
business area of Gurabo. Gurabo's mayor is "Manolito".
Image:Guraboflag.bmp===Flag=== With eleven stripes, six
green and five yellow, alternated, the yellow with the
superior (top) edge indented forming a stairway.
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Pueblo:Hatillo
Hatillo (ah-TEE-yo) is a municipality located on Puerto
Rico's north coast, bordering the Atlantic Ocean to the
north, Lares and Utuado to the south, Camuy to the east,
and Arecibo to the west. According to the 2000 US Census
Hatillo is spread over 9 wards and Hatillo Pueblo (The
downtown area and the administrative center of the city).
Originally, Hatillo consisted of a lot of approximately
ten "cuerdas" (a cuerda is less than an acre).
Agustín
Ruíz Miranda granted these cuerdas with the condition
that public buildings be erected and wide streets be built
and the remaining land be sold or yielded for homes and
nothing else.
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Pueblo:Hormigueros
Hormigueros is a municipality of Puerto Rico located in
the western region of the island, northeast of Cabo Rojo;
northwest of San Germán; and south of Mayagüez. Hormigueros
is spread over 5 wards and Hormigueros Pueblo (The downtown
area and the administrative center of the city). Hormigueros
was founded in 1874 by Gerardo Gonzalez. Hormigueros derives
its name from a Taino Indian name: Horomico. Folktale
attributes the origin of the name to the topography of
the municipality which resembles a gigantic anthill, reason
why it was named: "Valle del Hormiguero" (anthill valley).
Hormigueros
was formed from barrios that originally belonged to the
nearby cities of Mayagüez and San Germán that surrounded
the "Ermita de la Virgen de Monserrate", a shrine (and
now [[minor basilica]]) dedicated to the Virgin of Montserrat.
The church was erected in the mid-1700's in the site where,
reportedly, a girl who had been lost for at least three
days was found, safe, underneath an image of the Virgin
Mary.
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Pueblo:Humacao
Humacao (oo-mah-KAH-oh) is the largest city of Puerto
Rico located in the eastern coast of the island, north
of Yabucoa; south of Naguabo; east of Las Piedras; and
west of Vieques Passage. Humacao is spread over 10 wards
and Humacao Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative
center of the city). Humacao has three hospitals (HIMA-San
Pablo Humacao, Dr. Domínguez (Clínica Oriente), and Ryder
Memorial). All three of them have been greatly developed
to excellent secondary care institutions. Ryder Memorial
is under renovations and celebrating its 40th Anniversary.
It
is the largest hospital complex on the Southeast coast
of Puerto Rico. Humacao is famous all over Puerto Rico
for its granitos, a greasy snack food which is composed
of a fried rice flour with cheese in its center. People
have for years driven to Humacao from other cities just
to taste this snack food. Locals joke about this tastiful
'fritura': el granito es EEE: engorda, estriñe y embrutece.
Humacao has gone through many changes and it is currently
one of the fastest developing municipalities in Puerto
Rico.
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Pueblo:Isabela
Isabela is a municipality of Puerto Rico located in the
north-western region of the island, north of San Sebastián;
west of Quebradillas; and east of Aguadilla and Moca.
Isabela is spread over 13 wards and Isabela Pueblo (The
downtown area and the administrative center of the city).
The town is known as the "Jardín del Noroeste," the "Garden
of the Northwest," because of the many wild flowers in
its landscape.
It
is also knowns as el "Pueblo de los Quesitos de Hoja",
the "town of Leaf Cheeses," for its production of this
typical fresh white cheese wrapped in banana plant leaves,
reputed to be the best[citation needed]. It is also known
as la Ciudad de los Gallitos or the "City of the Fighting
Cocks." Since the 18th century, cock fighting was very
common throughout the island, and the town became famous
and well known for the quality of its fighting cocks and
special breeding and training techniques used by its people.
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Pueblo:Jayuya
Jayuya is a municipality of Puerto Rico located in the
mountainous center region of the island, north of Ponce;
east of Utuado; and west of Ciales. Jayuya is spread over
18 wards and Jayuya Pueblo (The downtown area and the
administrative center of the city). It is named after
the Taino Cacique Hayuya. Jayuya is known for its skilled
wood carvers. Among its monuments are the Catholic church,
the statue of Nemesio R. Canales and the bust of the Indian
leader Jayuya, by the Puerto Rican sculptor Tomás Batista.
The
town of Jayuya was founded in 1911, but history traces
people living in the region as far back as 1878. At that
time, a small community was established there, separated
from the larger cities of the coasts with little to no
communication. Near the end of the 19th Century, the town
focused on the production of coffee, which greatly boosted
the local economy. In 1911, the town was officially declared
a municipality with a population of more than 9,000. In
1950, the town was the setting of what was known as the
Jayuya Uprising, where nationalists started a revolt against
the Government of the United States led by Social Worker
Blanca Canales Torresola and her cousins Elio and Doris
Torresola.
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Pueblo:Juana
Diaz
Juana Díaz is a municipality of Puerto Rico located in the
southern coast of the island, south of Jayuya, Ciales, Orocovis
and Villalba; east of Ponce; and west of Coamo and Santa
Isabel and the Caribbean Sea to the south. Juana Díaz is
spread over 12 wards and Juana Diaz Pueblo (The downtown
area and the administrative center of the city). Juana Diaz
is known as "La Ciudad del Mabí" (Mabí City) - Mabí is a
delicious, refreshing fermented Taíno beverage made out
from the bark of the mabi tree Colubrina elliptica (L'Her.)
Brongn.
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CODE BELOW
Pueblo:Juncos
Juncos is one of the 78 municipalities of Puerto Rico located
in the eastern central region of the island, south of Canóvanas
and Carolina; southeast of Gurabo; east of San Lorenzo;
and west of Las Piedras. Juncos is spread over 9 wards and
Juncos Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative
center of the city).
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Pueblo:Lajas
Lajas is a municipality of Puerto Ricolocated in southwestern
region, south of San Germán and Sabana Grande; east of Cabo
Rojo; and west of Guánica. Lajas is spread over 11 wards
and Lajas Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative
center of the city).
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Pueblo:Lares
Lares (LAH-res) is a small mountain municipality of Puerto
Rico's central-western area located north of Maricao and
Yauco; south of Camuy, east of San Sebastián and Las Marias;
and west of Hatillo, Utuado and Adjuntas. Lares is spread
over 10 wards and Lares Pueblo (Downtown Lares). A city
adorned with Spanish-era style churches and small downtown
area stores, Lares is a breezy area that is about 1.5
hours from San Juan by car.
Lares
has one major claim to fame: The 1868 uprising that happened
there, brought on by pro-independence rebels who wanted
Puerto Rico to gain its freedom from Spain. The movement,
known thereafter as El Grito de Lares (literally, The
Cry of Lares, or Lares Revolt), was soon extinguished,
making Lares the shortest lived republic ever.
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Pueblo:Las
Marias
Las Marías (lahs mah-REE-yahs) is a municipality of Puerto
Rico located north of Maricao; northeast of Añasco; south
of San Sebastián; east of Mayagüez; and west of Lares. Las
Marías is spread over 13 wards and Las Marías Pueblo (The
downtown area and the administrative center of the city).
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Pueblo:Las
Piedras
Las Piedras (lahs pee-AI-drahs) is a municipality in east
Puerto Rico located in the center region of the island,
north of Yabucoa; south of Canóvanas and Río Grande; east
of Juncos and San Lorenzo; and west of Naguabo and Humacao.
Las Piedras is spread over 7 wards and Las Piedras Pueblo
(The downtown area and the administrative center of the
city).
Las
Piedras, being a colorful town, has many natural attractions
such as "La Cueva del Indio" which is a place that has
original Indian playgrounds, caves and paintings that
denote some characteristics of the ancient island's natives.
Las Piedras is located about 45 minutes from San Juan,
Puerto Rico's capital and 5 minutes from Palmas del Mar,
Humacao which is one of the biggest resorts in the Caribbean.
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Pueblo:Loiza
Loíza (loo-EE-zah) is a small town and municipality (municipio)
in the northeastern coast of Puerto Rico, north of Canóvanas;
east of Carolina; and west of Río Grande. Loíza is spread
over 5 wards and Loíza Pueblo (The downtown area and the
administrative center of the city). Loíza was proclaimed
a town officially in 1692 and named in honor of Yuisa
or Luisa, one of the women caciques on the island when
the Spanish conquerors arrived. A beach-town with apartment
complex buildings, Loíza is on one of the two main landing
paths to Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport; pilots
of airliners landing from the west at Luis Muñoz Marín
usually fly over Loíza.
The airport would today be part of Loiza, had Isla Verde not been annexed to Carolina and the residents of that area displaced. In the 1970s, an Aero Virgin Islands DC-3 plane crashed in a Loíza beach, with no fatalities. Loíza was populated by African freed or escaped slaves and Taino Indians early during the town's first years. Because of this, most of Loíza's population is of African and Taino descent. Due to neglect from the government, and ineffective mayors many in Loiza live below poverty as on the rest of the island. In the early 1930s, residents from Loiza were displaced from what is now Isla Verde in Carolina in order to build what was then called Isla Verde International Airport, but was later changed to Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport.
These residents were moved to Sabana Abajo in Carolina. Because of this, many residents of this area in Carolina have their roots in Loiza, and many families claim to be from both areas. One of Loiza's barrios, Loíza aldea, is famous across Puerto Rico because it has been a talent pool for dancers and artisans. Formerly a center for black Puerto Rican music, it is the traditional birthplace of the musical form known as plena. Though "Loiza Aldea" refers to "El Pueblo" or "Downtown Loiza", many across the island refer to it as such as a means of discrimination as aldea means "village" in Spanish. Each year there is a celebration in Loiza where people parade around wearing Máscaras de Vejigante. Máscaras de Vejigante are a type of mask made in Loíza. They are made of coconut, and painted in multiple colors.
Loiza
is known as "La Capital de la Tradicion"- "The Capital
of Traditions"- for its "bomba" music, traditional Taino
and African dishes, artisanry, and distinct culture. Loiza
is home to such celebrities as the "Hermanos Ayala", Samuel
Lind, Daniel Lind, DJ Eliel, etc. and many artists have
roots in Loiza like Daddy Yankee (his father is known
as El Negro from "Los Hermanos Ayala", Ramon Ayala), Don
Omar, Lennox from "Zion y Lennox", Mackie from "Mackie
y Yaga", DJ Joel, DJ Goldy, DJ Tito,Tego Calderon, and
the list goes on and on.
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Pueblo:Luquillo
Luquillo (loo-KEE-yo) is a municipality of Puerto Rico located
in the northeast coast, northwest of Fajardo; and east of
Rio Grande. Luquillo is spread over 5 wards and Luquillo
Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative center
of the city). Luquillo is known as "La Capital del Sol"
(sun capital) and "La Riviera de Puerto Rico" (Puerto Rico's
riviera). Luquillo was founded in 1797 by Cristóbal Guzmán.
The town was named after the Indian cacique Loquillo, who
died a few years after the last Indian rebellion in 1513.
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Pueblo:Manati
Manatí (/manatee/) is a municipality of Puerto Rico in the
northern coast, north of Morovis and Ciales; east of Florida
and Barceloneta; and west of Vega Baja. Manatí is spread
over 8 wards and Manatí Pueblo (The downtown area and the
administrative center of the city).
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Pueblo:Maunabo
Maunabo is a municipality of Puerto Rico located in the
southeastern coast, northeast of Patillas and south of Yabucoa.
Maunabo is spread over 8 wards and Maunabo Pueblo (The downtown
area and the administrative center of the city). The Mayor
of the town is Jorge Marquez Perez of the Popular Democratic
Party (PPD). This is a poverty striken town with a population
14,425. The Zip code of Maunabo is 00707.
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Pueblo:Mayaguez
Mayagüez (mah-yah-GWES) or [maɪaˈgwɛs]
is the eighth-largest [1] municipality of Puerto Rico.
Also known as "La Sultana del Oeste" (The Sultan of the
West) or "Ciudad de las Aguas Puras" (City of Pure Waters),
Mayagüez is located in the western part of the island
of Puerto Rico. Its land area is 201.06 km² [2]. The municipio
has an estimated population of just over 100,000 spread
over 21 wards including Mayagüez Pueblo (The downtown
area and the administrative center of the city).
One of the wards (barrios) is Isla de Mona e Islote Monito, which consists of the offshore islands of Mona Island and Monito Island. This is the largest ward by land area, and at the same time the only one without any permanent population. Also, uninhabited Desecheo Island is part of the municipio, as part of Sabanatas barrio. Mayagüez is located 2 hours by automobile from San Juan. The founding of Mayagüez was requested on 19 July 1760 by a group led by Faustino Martínez de Matos, Juan de Silva and Juan de Aponte, at a hill located about one kilometer inland from Mayagüez Bay and the outlet of the Yagüez River. It was officially founded on 18 September 1760. "Maygüex"